New Jersey's Orchids and their Bloom Times

Notes: The following list is my best guess at NJ’s extant species of orchids. I’ve created this list from my own observations and from scouring the web. It is an  ongoing effort that I will be continually updating and may not be completely accurate at this time. If you have any comments or corrections you can contact me at: ethan@eastcoastecology.com

The dates provided are based upon my own observations and those who have collaborated to provide this list. They are specific to the state.

Rankings are pulled from the NJNHP’s 2021 List of Endangered Plant Species and Plant Species of Concern (see bottom of page).

Species

State Rank

Aplectrum hymale

Arethusa bulbosa

Calopogon tuberosus

Cleistes divaricata

Coeloglossum viride var. virescens

Corallorhiza maculata
Corallorhiza odontorhiza
Corallorhiza trifida
Corallorhiza wisteriana

Cypripedium acuale
Cypripedium candidum
Cypripedium parviflorum var. makasin
Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens
Cypripedium pubescens
Cypripedium reginae

Epipactis helleborine (Naturalized)

Galearis spectabilis

Goodyera pubescens
Goodyera tesselata

Isotria meloides
Isotria verticillata

Listera australis
Listera cordata var. cordata
Listera smallii
Liparis lilifolia
Liparis loeselii

Malaxis bayardii
Malaxis brachypoda
Malaxis unifolia

Platanthera x bicolor
Platanthera blephariglottis
Platanthera x canbyi
Platanthera ciliaris
Platanthera clavellata
Platanthera cristata
Platanthera flava var. flava
Platanthera flava var. herbiola
Platanthera grandiflora
Platanthera hookeri
Platanthera hyberborea var. huronensis
Platanthera integra
Platanthera lacera
Platanthera nivea
Platanthera orbiculata
Platanthera permoena
Platanthera psycodes

Pogonia ophioglossoides

Spiranthes cernua
Spiranthes lacera var. gracilis
Spiranthes laciniata
Spiranthes lucida
Spiranthes ochroleuca
Spiranthes odorata
Spiranthes praecox (?)
Spiranthes tuberosa
Spiranthes vernalis

Tipularia discolor

Triphora trianthophoros

S1

S2

-

S1

S2

-
-
S1
SX

-
S1
S2
-
-
S1

-

-

-
S1

S1
-

-
S1
S1.1
-
-

SH
SH
SH

-
-
-
S2
-
S3
S1
S2
S2
SH
SX
S1
-
SH
S1
S1
S2

-

-
-
S1
S2
S3
S2
-
S3
-

-

S1

Platanthera ciliaris
Platanthera grandiflora
Platanthera lacera

58 total on the above list, 51 listed as extant. I've personally seen 32 species within the past 4 years and know at least 10 more are still extant.

State Codes:

S1: Critically imperiled in New Jersey because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals or acres).

S2: Imperiled in New Jersey because of rarity (6 to 20 occurrences).

S3: Rare in state with 21 to 100 occurrences (plant species and ecological communities in this category have only 21 to 50 occurrences).

S4: Apparently secure in state, with many occurrences.

S5: Demonstrably secure in state and essentially ineradicable under present conditions.

SH: Elements of historical occurrence in New Jersey.

SX: Elements that have been determined or are presumed to be extirpated from New Jersey.


Detailed rank descriptions can be found at: https://www.nj.gov/dep/parksandforests/natural/heritage/spplant.html